The Role of the Concept of Need and Inequality Social Policy

From the inauguration of state organised welfare the concepts of ‘need’ and inequality have been at the centre of discussions and debates on social policy. Since the 19th century it has widely been accepted that the state has some responsibility towards attempting to fulfil some of civil society’s needs and the needs of those most at risk. Changing definitions and attitudes surround the concepts of need and inequality; this means any discussion of these instantly encapsulates the political and ideological debates which affect all aspects of social policy. Titmuss (ed. 1987) writes that ‘collectively provided services are deliberately designed to meet certain socially recognized ‘needs’; they are manifestations’ this means any changes†¦show more content†¦Yet there were many different ideas on what was seen as real ‘need’ and who was seen as deserving of welfare. In the Victorian era people were either deemed as †˜deserving’ or ‘undeserving’ poor; basically meaning that their poverty was either created by their own failings such as alcohol abuse or by eventualities which were out of their control such as job losses or illness (thus making them deserving) (Fraser, 1984). With the expansion of State welfare, and the bureaucracy which came with it, the poor were no longer categorised into deserving or undeserving instead their ‘needs’ were assessed. The introduction of the means test established a way of determining the extent of the needs of people. Although this may appear a fair way of organising welfare it has in fact had detrimental effects; according to Deacon Bradshaw (1983) the means test is ‘socially divisive’ as it has ‘given rise to gross distortions in the distribution of income amongst poorer families’. This system has also failed to deliver benefits to many people who need them as the means tested service has reflected v alues approved by society for example marriage, thus leaving those who do not conform to these values in a worse position financially (Deacon Bradshaw, 1983). Although means testing should essentially redistribute wealth through taxation, evidence has shown that it has done little to combatShow MoreRelatedGender Equality And Empowerment Of Women1562 Words   |  7 Pagesin United States, which was focused on welfare and single mothers. (BRIDGE) This concept came into the spotlight in the 1990s and the term continued to be questioned and researched. Criticisms emphasized the difference in female-headed households, and how there are other dimensions of women’s vulnerability that influenced the situation of poor women too, unlike for men. †( Carolina J. Wennerholm 2002,9) â€Å"The concept of the ‘feminization of poverty’ has meant three distinct things: that women comparedRead MoreCriminology And Sociology : Criminology1296 Words   |  6 Pageswill respond to crime with regards to policy changes and its place in the media (Australian Institute of Criminology: 2015). Sociology is the scientific study of human social interactions in a societal context (Calhoun, 2002). As sociologists study anything human related they can examine anything from the smallest interactions between everyday people to vastly complex international or multinational relationships. Within this they attempt to understand the social processes; that is why humans thinkRead MoreThe Priorities Of The United States Public Policy Making Process949 Words   |  4 PagesThe top priorities in the United States’ public policy making process continue to be protection from terrorism, a stronger economy, and the creation of more jobs (Pew Research Center, 2015). However, with a growing concern for public health and safety due to environmental issues, perhaps our policy makers should address the issues we face daily while living in our communities. The environmental issues extend beyond unhealthy, and risky conditions due to waste management and unsustainable lifestylesRead MoreRe generation in Public Housing Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pageswill reveal the need to create a more balanced social mix throughout suburbs and regions in Australia to stop the cycle of disadvantage. Moreover, it will provide information on the current issues surrounding social housing, the authorities’ proposals for a resolution and the expected benefits that should result from the new approach to public housing developments. Various strategies are being tested throughout estates in Australia to resolve the issues manifested in large social housing estatesRead MoreInequality Between Men And Women1315 Words   |  6 Pages Inequality between Men and Women Trisha Stafford American Public University System Mrs. Decter Table of Contents Introduction 3 Defining â€Å"Social Problem† 3 Explaining Sociological Viewpoint 3 Chosen Social Problem Introduction 3 Thesis 3 Defining Sexism 3 Why is it a social problem? 3-4 Statistics 4 Identifying and Defining Four Concepts Related to Sexism 4-5 How is this problem being addressed? 5 Conclusion 6 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreGender Inequality Between Men And Women1255 Words   |  6 Pagesfeminism maintains that women are treated in an unfair ways. Social gender roles lead to various forms of inequality and disparity between men and women, which in relation to the socio economic, political and cultural ideologies plays a negative role in girls (Asley 2014) .While some societies, defend gender differences based on their cultural norms and religious beliefs, this tends to restrict women physical and mental space.†Across social classes girls tends to have less physical mobility than boysRead MoreHealth, Social And Social Policy1656 Words   |  7 PagesHEALTH, WELLBEING SOCIAL POLICY By [Name of Student] [Name of Instructor] [University] [Course] [Date] Health, Wellbeing Social Policy Introduction Citizens, businesses and interest groups alike continue to be concerned about poverty and related factors that deal with health and finance. However, human rights and availability are concepts that aren’t not taken seriously enough, in view of certain perspectives. Health inequalities refer to the differences in the quality of the healthcareRead MoreIncome Redistribution And Its Key Pros1460 Words   |  6 PagesRedistribution Income redistribution refers to the concept of transferring income from the wealthy individuals to the less wealthy individuals through social mechanisms such as monetary policies, charity, welfare, land reforms, and taxation among others. Income redistribution affects the entire economy rather than selected groups of individuals. The concept of income redistribution emanates from the existence of income inequalities within an economy. Income inequality depicts a gap between the highest and theRead MoreGender Issues For Women s Mothers At Work1510 Words   |  7 Pageswork. Gender inequality Inequalities have been prevalent since the beginning of civilization. Up until the women’s movement, did we see a shift in feminism whereby women would gain certain rights. Within this movement, the role of the women fell short to discrimination and gender inequalities. The argument stands forth and is true that there are gender inequalities prevailing in all aspects of society. Thus, the concept of gender is not as easy as it may sound; since gender has a role to play inRead MoreGender And Gender Inequality1084 Words   |  5 PagesFor ages it was believed that the different characteristics, roles and status accorded to women and men in society are determined by sex, that they are natural and therefore not changeable. Gender is seen closely related to the roles and behavior assigned to women and men based on their sexual differences. As soon as a child is born families and society begin the process of gendering. The birth of the son is celebrated, the birth of a daughter filled with pain; sons are showered with love, respect

Political Discourse And Action Report - 1469 Words

Political Discourse and Action Report The United States of America is an exceptional country, but in 2016 Americans are headed for some very troubling times. With having two very detested presidential candidates running for office from both sides of the aisle and a very divided nation, America is certainly in a state of unease. With many important issues such as gun control, climate change, healthcare, and foreign policy being some of the hottest topics in politics, people will have their opinions and some might be very polarizing from each other. Some will lean conservative while others will lean liberal. Today I will be talking about the current conditions and critical issues dealing with Immigration because this is such a very sensitive topic and many people don’t understand the way of life undocumented immigrants have to go through to work and get the best they can for themselves and their families. Now, Immigration isn’t one of those issues that can be solved just by enforcing stricter immigrating laws and by deporting all undocumented immigrants here in the United States. There are many factors that play a role in determining what we should do as a country regarding the issue of Immigration. On the conservative side, we can turn to the vision of the Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump. Trump has a very solid stance on Immigration. According to his website Trump wants to â€Å"Begin working on an impenetrable physical wall on the southern border, on day one†,Show MoreRelatedAnti Muslim And Anti Islam Sentiments And Associated Everything Muslim Related With Negative Stereotypes1389 Words   |  6 Pagesdistinct term after the 1997 publication of the report â€Å"Islamophobia: A Challenge for Us All† by the British Runnymede Trust (1997). Since then, the term Islamophobia has been widely used in a variety of context yet there is still no universal definition of the term, which allows the press, including the British newspapers, to find loopholes within discourse that would allow them to put forward radical statements. Although the 1997 Runnymede Trust report has its limitations due to the diverse and sometimesRead MoreThe Russian Ukrainian Conflict During Media Discourse1510 Words   |  7 Pagescreated and shaped by community. In war or conflict discourse the power of media is crucial because it affects the image of the country on the international stage as well as public mood and atmosphere in the country. The ongoing Russian-Ukrainian conflict has been a matter of debate between many countries including but not limited to Russia and Ukraine. The research area of the current study is the current Russian-Ukrainian conflict in media discourse. 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Primarily I aim to analyse Riot Grrrl’s music scene, but also its subculture mentioning its DIY punk ethic, political activism and most importantly its influential Zine network. However the purpose of this report is to demonstrate a grounded understanding in three research methodologies and how I will apply each one in regards to my own projectRead MoreSocial Media Has Changed The Landscape Of The Media Environment984 Words   |  4 PagesReddit, Pinterest, etc. Social media has led to new behaviors in obtaining news, and this trend seems to be growing rapidly amongst the younger generations. In a 2014 study The American Press institute commissioned a survey and found 4 in 10 adults report getting their news in the previous week through social media. Of that study 7 in 10 adults under the age 30 say they obtained news through social media in the last wee k, and 6 in 10 aged 30-39. Younger generations tend to embrace new technology moreRead MoreCompare and Contrast Goffmans and Foucaults Explanation of How Social Order Is Made and Remade1727 Words   |  7 Pagesconstitutes social order being made and remade through individuals, and how Mondermans’ Thesis relates to how Goffman views social order. * Foucaults’ views on what constitutes social order being made and remade through institutions and how Buchanans’ report relates to how Foucault views social order. * The differences and similarities with Goffman and Foucaults findings. Summary * Summarise what both theorists have said regarding social order and what I understand about these findings. There areRead MoreCompare and Contrast Goffman’s and Foucault’s Explanations of How Social Order Is Made and Remade1615 Words   |  7 Pagessocial situation in which connections are maintained without change or if change occurs it is in a predictable way. (Taylor, 2009, p. 173) These differing views can be related to the governance of traffic presented in the case studies of the Buchanan report and Monderman’s thesis. This is a useful and relevant example which can be applied to the general theories which need covering first of all. To start with an overview of Goffman’s theory. Goffman studied what he termed interactional order, thatRead MoreCritical Examination of the Idle No More Movement1806 Words   |  7 Pageswas organized to raise awareness regarding this bill. The movement was to be known as the Idle No More movement. This paper will critically examine and analyze the Idle No More movement and Bill C-45 from three distinct known theoretical political discourses – Neoliberal Capitalism, Decolonizing Eco-Anarchism and Social Liberal Feminism – and from perspective that I hold, an Eco-Radical Feminist. 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What differs social media from other methods of communication is the ease and instantaneous a ssociated with these actions. Social media has become an important institution to our contemporary society, for the reasons that will be discussed below. One way in which social media can be examined is through phenomenology. This instant communication only developed recently

Model Difference Analysis Supporting Process

Question: Discuss about the Model Difference Analysis for Supporting Process. Answer: Introduction: A project is a temporary endeavour that has defined timelines for its start and finish. It also has defined goals that can be measured for performance at the time of deliveries. Projects have defined budget and defined schedules(Weaver, 2010). A process is a series of activity that is performed to achieve one objective but it is focused on the management of process rather than on outcome which is the case with projects and it can be repetitive unlike projects(Soto Mnch, 2006). Building a computer on a production line is a regular operational process that would happen daily in a production unit of computers so it is not a project. Thus, this is actually a process rather than a project. Building a house has definite objectives and it would begin at one point of time and end at another definite point and thus, it can be seen as a project. Upgrading a computer from Windows 7 to Windows 10 is actually a very simple process that would take just a start and finish at one go. It does not have the complexities of deliverables and timelines. Moreover, Windows 7 to Windows 10 being an activity that does not require any expense, this activity cannot be termed as a project. Upgrading of 120 computers from Windows 7 to Windows 10 would involve specific timelines, a projected start, a project end, and specific budget for people involved in the work. It would also have specific timelines during which these machines would be updated. Thus, it can be considered as a project. References Soto, M. Mnch, J., 2006. Process Model Difference Analysis for Supporting Process Evolution, Kaiserslautern, Germany: Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering. Weaver, P., 2010. The difference between projects and Projects, Melbourne, Australia: Projects Services Pty Ltd.